The aim of this narrative review is to explore the literature reports about the comorbidity between autism and migraine and to investigate the common neurotransmitter, immune, anatomical and genetic abnormalities at the base of these two conditions. Keywords: autism, ASD, migraine, headache, pain. Migraine with brainstem aura (MBA) is a rare subtype of migraine with aura. It was first described as basilar artery migraine by Bickerstaff in 1961. He reported 34 patients who experienced aura that included vertigo, ataxia, dysarthria, tinnitus, or bilateral visual or sensory symptoms which lasted from 2 to 45 min. Typically, the headache is unilateral, pulsating, moderate or severe in intensity, aggravated by routine physical activity, and associated with nausea or photophobia and phonophobia. 2 In approximately one-third of individuals with migraine, some attacks are associated with an aura phase, comprised of visual, sensory, and language or brainstem During a migraine with brainstem aura or any type of migraine with an aura, you might experience: vision changes. zigzagging or static lights. stars or spots. sensitivity to light or sound Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) falls within the category of migraine with aura. In migraine with aura (including FHM) the neurologic symptoms of aura are unequivocally localizable to the cerebral cortex or brain stem and include visual disturbance (most common), sensory loss (e.g., numbness or paresthesias of the face or an extremity), and dysphasia (difficulty with speech). Propranolol should be prescribed with caution for migraine prophylaxis as it can limit compensatory vasodilator capacitance, and should be avoided altogether in cases of prolonged aura or migraine with aura presenting with brainstem symptoms. 4 Calcium channel blockers, angiotensin receptor blockers, or angiotensin receptor antagonists are cWoWel. The brainstem is the portion of the nervous system that links together the spinal cord and the brain proper. So, not surprisingly, patients who have brainstem aura with migraine, or brainstem migraine, have aura symptoms that would seem to be generated by the brainstem. So, double vision, diplopia, vertigo, disequilibrium, difficulty with Brainstem aura is typically accompanied by classic aura symptoms such as flashing lights or pins and needles. Hemiplegic migraine Symptoms can range from weakness with numbness and tingling through to temporary paralysis in the arm and leg on one side of the body (6). Understanding the mechanisms of migraine remains challenging as migraine is not a static disorder, and even in its episodic form migraine remains an “evolutive” chronic condition. Considerable progress has been made in elucidating the pathophysiological mechanisms of migraine, associated genetic factors that may influence susceptibility to the disease, and functional and anatomical changes Migraine with brain stem aura. Also known as basilar migraine , this is a rare type of migraine where aura symptoms originate in the brain stem . Symptoms can include vertigo , ringing in the ears Migraine with brainstem aura is also called brainstem migraine and was previously called basilar type migraine. This rare and serious sub-type of migraine can involve a number of concerning symptoms that originate from the brainstem.

migraine with brainstem aura symptoms